Our in vitro and in vivo studies, and analysis of natural infections all show that this virus has a wider host range than previously assumed, and may have the potential to cause new pathological conditions in novel hosts. In order to evaluate better the contribution of these mechanisms for the emergence of novel diseases, we have investigated the capacity of a caprine lentivirus, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), to cross species barriers and to adapt to a novel host. sous le nom de peste caprine est une maladie virale hautement contagieuse. Il est caractérisé chez les jeunes chèvres par une leucoencéphalomyé-lite et chez les adultes par une arthrite chronique, une pneumonie et une mammite. It is now accepted that these simian lentiviruses also frequently jump the species barrier between different monkeys. ruminants payent un lourd tribut a deux maladies hautement contagieuses. Le syndrome de larthrite encéphalite caprine (AEC) est une maladie virale des chèvres provoquée par un rétrovirus (sous-famille des lentivirus). The chief, and most dramatic, example is the emergence of the human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 and -2 from simian immunodeficiency viruses. They are recognised as having a high potential for crossing species barriers and adaptation to novel hosts. We highlight research gaps and provide recommendations towards developing safer and more efficacious vaccines against CBPP and CCPP. Lentiviruses are agents that have been isolated from humans and several animal species. Such jumps are certainly favoured by ecological, socio-economic, sanitary and climatic changes, among other factors. In many cases the emerging disease had its origin in a cross-species transmission of an existing infectious agent. The last 50 years have seen the emergence of a number of novel human and animal infectious diseases. Currently, the complete genome sequences of caprine/ovine enterovirus have been revealed only in very few strains 14. However, the genetic variation and evolution of caprine enterovirus has scarcely been investigated. DNA sequence analysis showed homology of 8693 between Philippine CAEV and available CAEV sequences in GenBank. Bien que l’infection humaine se produise en général par effraction cutanée, elle peut également avoir lieu par inhalation de spores (anthrax par inhalation), par ingestion de viande contaminée insuffisamment cuite (anthrax gastro-intestinal) ou, dans de rares cas, par injection de drogues contaminées. Caprine/ovine enterovirus (CEV/OEV) infection has been increasingly reported in recent years 12, 13, 14, 15. Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) causes caprine arthritis encephalitis syndrome, which is an emerging disease of goats in the Philippines. Key words: Emergence - CAEV - Cross-species transmission. Un contact même minime peut provoquer la maladie. Dans des conditions trs strictement contrles, il a t confirm que la souche F 38 de mycoplasme a caus une maladie contagieuse chez la chvre.UMR INRA 754, ENVL-UCBL, Rétrovirus et pathologie comparée, Ãquipe virologie cellulaire, moléculaire et maladies émergentes, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon I, 50, avenue Tony-Garnier, 69366 Lyon Cedex 07
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